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-== ETHICS AND ETIQUETTE
IN QT'S PULP FICTION ==-
Quentin Tarantino's film, Pulp Fiction lends
itself to multiple and sometimes contradictory readings. Tarantino
divides both the film and the screenplay into five parts:
"The Prologue," "Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's wife," "The
Gold Watch," "The Bonnie situation," and "The Epilogue." One
of the most outstanding features of this film is its nonlinear structure.
The beginning of the prologue and the epilogue (Honeybunny and Pumpkin
holding up the coffee shop) are actually two parts of the same episode.
Chronologically this episode occurs in the middle of the story,
but Tarantino uses it to frame the film. It is also
remarkable that Vincent Vega, Marsellus Wallace's hit man,
is shot to death by Butch, the fighter in the "The Gold Watch,"
but is resurrected for the two remaining parts of the film.
Pulp Fiction's structure folds in on itself like a pretzel.
The purpose for this may be to draw attention away from chronology
so that the reader can focus on the deeper thematic organization
of the film. This essay will explore the themes presented
in each of the five parts of Pulp Fiction. We shall see that
this film is an attempt to understand and represent the moral
theory of "the other," in this case, the deviant criminal.
Tarantino's criminals operate in a very different world than that
of mainstream culture. The inhabitants of the crime-world
have a skewed set of values, but like most people, they are moral
realists, believing strongly in absolute good and evil. The
theme of cultural relativity is presented in the first conversation
between Vincent and Jules just after the credit sequence.
Jules: O.K.
So tell me about the hash bars.
Vincent: What do you want to know?
Jules: Hash is legal there right?
Vincent: Yeah it's legal, but it ain't
a hundred percent legal. I mean, you just can't walk into
a restaurant, roll a joint, and start puffin' away. I mean,
they want you to smoke in your home or in certain designated places.
Jules: Those are hash bars?
Vincent: Yeah, it breaks down
like this: it's legal to buy it, it's legal to own it and, if you're
the proprietor of a hash bar, it's legal to sell it. It's
legal to carry it, but, but that don't matter 'cause - get a load
of this alright- if the cops stop you, it's illegal for them to
search you. I mean, that's a right the cops in Amsterdam don't
have.
Jules: Oh man, I'm goin', that's all
there is to it. I'm fuckin' goin'.
Vincent: I know baby, you'd dig it
the most. But you know what the funniest thing about Europe
is?
Jules: What?
Vincent: It's the little differences.
I mean, they got the same shit over there that we got here, but
it's just, just, there it's a little different.
Jules: Example?
Vincent: Well, you can walk into a
movie theater and buy a beer. And I don't mean just, like,
in no paper cup. I'm talking about a glass of beer.
And in Paris, you can buy a beer at McDonald's...
This conversation is very significant because it
sets the tone for the rest of the film, which focuses on the differences
between mainstream and deviant culture. The existence of different
customs in Europe, i.e. being able to legally smoke hash or
buy a beer in McDonald's, is the result of the fact that Europeans
have different moral beliefs about the appropriate use of intoxicating
substances. In Holland personal privacy is more valued than
society's right to police wrong-doers, whereas this is certainly
not the case in the United States. To some extent the culture we
live in comes down to a question of taste. This point is made
when Vincent describes how the Dutch eat French fries.
Vincent: You know what they put on
French fries in Holland instead of ketchup?
Jules: What?
Vincent: Mayonnaise.
Jules: Goddamn!!
Vincent: I seen 'em do it man.
They fuckin' drown 'em in that shit.
Jules: Yuck!
For Tarantino, cultural diversity is a function
of different values and tastes. This is the unifying theme of Pulp
Fiction. The "laws" that govern the lives of Tarantino's deviant
criminals are substantially different from those that govern mainstream
American culture. Nevertheless, as we shall see, Tarantino's
criminals subscribe to a fairly rigid moral code.
"The Prologue" and "The Epilogue"
Ethics are constantly the topic of conversation in this film.
Before the credit sequence, Honeybunny and Pumpkin make up their
minds to quit holding up liquor stores (and to start holding up
coffee shops) because of the risk of having to murder their victims..
Young Man/Pumpkin: Yeah, no more
liquor stores. Besides, it ain't the giggle it usta be.
Too many foreigners own liquor stores. Vietnamese, Koreans,
they fuckin' don't even speak English. You tell 'em 'Empty
out the register.' They don't even know what the fuck you're talkin'
about. They make it too personal. We keep on, one of
those gook motherfuckers's gonna make us kill 'em.
Young Woman/Honey Bunny: I'm
not gonna kill anybody.
Young Man: I don't wanna kill
anybody either. But they'll probably put us in a situation
where it's us or them...
Oddly enough, the decision to begin holding
up coffee shops instead of liquor stores is informed not only by
Honey Bunny's assessment of the risks to himself and his partner,
but also by moral considerations. Honey Bunny and Pumpkin
sincerely do not want to be put in a position where they might have
to kill someone. They have no qualms about relieving
strangers of their property, but they are morally opposed to murder.
This position is contrasted with the moral views of the gangsters
in the film, namely Jules, Vincent, and Marsellus. The moral
perspective of this group is based on the sanctity of personal property
and clan loyalty, whereas in their world, human life is expendable.
In fact, if a transgression is made against Marsellus' property,
or if disloyalty is shown, the violator loses any right he had to
his life. Whenever Jules is about to kill someone on behalf
of Marsellus, he recites a passage, which he claims is from the
Bible in Ezekiel 25:17. Actually, only the last sentence of
Jules' speech resembles the biblical passage Ez. 25:17.
The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities
of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he
who, in the name of charity and good will, shepherds the weak
through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother's keeper
and the finder of lost children. And I will strike down upon
thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to
poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know my name
is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you.
This speech is interesting because it combines
elements of Old Testament and New Testament thinking.
Clearly this is not an authentic passage from Ezekiel, because God
refers to his subjects as "brothers," a term only Jesus would
use. Here Jules addresses the enemies of his "brothers."
Jules is the righteous man and the henchman for God. His victims
are those who attempt "to poison and destroy" his brothers.
Jules understands himself to be the vehicle of God's (i.e.Marsellus')
furious anger. He believes that the people he kills have sinned
most grievously against the Lord and deserve the "terrible
vengeance" they receive.
On the one hand, this speech is intended as cruel irony for
the benefit of his victims; but on another level Jules uses it to
convince himself that his actions are morally sanctioned by God.
Jules represents Judaism in Pulp Fiction. Not
only does he cite Ezekiel and deliver "Old Testament" punishment
to wrong-doers, he also makes a point of refusing to eat pork in
the cafe. He is the spiritual force in this film and
the witness to the "miracle" that Vince refuses to acknowledge,
namely their survival without so much as a scratch when a man hidden
in the bathroom at their last job showers them with bullets.
In the epilogue, Jules understands that, for whatever reason,
he is God's chosen one and pledges to give up the "life" and wander
in the desert. The following is a conversation between Jules
and Vince in the cafe in the epilogue.
Jules: I just been sittin' here thinkin'.
Vincent: About what?
Jules: The miracle we witnessed.
Vincent: The miracle you witnessed.
I witnessed a freak occurrence.
Jules: Do you know what a miracle is?
Vincent: An act of God.
Jules: What's an act of God?
Vincent: I guess it's when God makes
the impossible possible. And I'm sorry Jules, but I don't
think what happened this morning qualifies.
Jules: Don't you see Vince, that shit
don't matter. You're judging this the wrong way. It's
not about what. It could be God stopped the bullets, he changed
Coke into Pepsi, he found my fuckin' car keys. You don't judge
this shit based on merit. Whether or not what we experienced
was an according-to Hoyle miracle is insignificant. What is
significant is I felt God's touch. God got involved.
Vincent: So you're serious, you're
really gonna quit?...
Jules: The life, most definitely.
Vincent: So if you're quitting
the life, what'll you do?
Jules: That's what I've been sitting
here contemplating. First, I'm gonna deliver this case to
Marsellus. Then, basically, I'm gonna walk the earth.
Vincent: What do you mean, walk the
earth?
Jules: You know, like Caine in
'Kung Fu'. Just walk from town to town, meet people, get in
adventures.
It is significant that Tarantino associates Jules
with Caine (Cain), who is a protagonist in both 'Kung Fu,' and Genesis.
The Genesis story is very odd because rather than punishing Cain
with death for killing Abel, God marks him, making him invulnerable
to the attacks of his enemies. As a result Cain, like Jules
is invincible and obliged to wander the earth.
Vincent Vega and Marsellus
Wallace's Wife
The second part of the film is entitled "Vincent Vega and Marsellus
Wallace's Wife," which is appropriate because the moral theme
of this section is the sanctity of private property. Significantly,
the title expresses the union of Vincent with Marsellus Wallace's
property. It is no coincidence that Mrs. Wallace's first name
is "Mia," the Italian first person possessive pronoun meaning
"my" or "mine." Mia is an extremely valuable piece of property;
and she does not function as much more than that in this film.
Vincent is profoundly aware of this and has immense respect for
the sanctity of marriage, which in his world is equivalent to possession.
This section chronologically begins after "the Bonnie Situation"
and after "the Epilogue." Vincent and Jules are wearing
shorts and T-shirts that they borrowed from Jimmie after the big
clean-up from the "Bonnie Situation." They are delivering
the case and its mysterious contents to Marsellus at his topless
bar named Sally Le Roy's. Even the name of the bar connotes
possession. "Le Roy" means "the king" in French. This
bar belongs to the king, Marsellus Wallace.
Possession is an overriding theme in Pulp Fiction as a whole and
in this episode in particular. The following conversation
between Vincent and Jules about Mia underlines this.
Jules: You remember Antwan Rochamora?
Half black half Samoan, usta call him Tony Rocky Horror.
Vincent: Yeah, maybe, fat, right?
Jules: I wouldn't go so far as to call
the brother fat. He's got a weight problem. What's the
nigger gonna do, he' s Somoan.
Vincent: I think I know who you
mean, what about him?
Jules: Well, Marsellus fucked
his ass up good. And word around the campfire is, it was on
account of Marsellus Wallace's wife
Vincent: So what'd he do? Fuck her?
Jules: No no no no nothing that
bad.
Vincent: Well what then?
Jules: He gave her a foot
message.
Vincent: A foot message?- That's
it? What did Marsellus do?
Jules: Sent a couple of guys
over to his place. They took him out on his patio, threw his
ass over the balcony. Nigger fell four stories. ...Since
then, he's kinda developed a speech impediment.
Vincent: That's a damn shame.-
Still I hafta say, play with matches, ya get burned.
Jules: Whaddya mean?
Vincent: You don't be givin' Marsellus
Wallace's new bride a foot message.
Jules: You don't think he overreacted?
Vincent: Well Antwan probably didn't
expect Marsellus to react like he did, but he had to expect a reaction.
Jules: It was a foot message, a foot
message is nothing. I give my mother a foot message.
Vincent: No it's laying hands on Marsellus
Wallace's new wife in a familiar way. Is it as bad as eating
her pussy out- no, but you're in the same fuckin' ballpark.
Jules: Whoa....whoa...whoa... stop
right there. Eatin' a bitch out, and givin' a bitch a foot
message , ain't even the same fuckin' thing.
Vincent: Not the same thing- the same
ball park.
Jules: It ain't no ballpark either.
Now look, maybe your method of foot message differs from mine, but
touchin' his lady's feet, and stickin' his tongue into her holiest
of holies, ain't the same ball park, ain't the same league, ain't
even the same fuckin' sport. Foot messages don't mean shit.
Vincent: Have you ever given a foot
message?
Jules: Don't be tellin' me about foot
messages. I'm the fuckin' foot message master.
Vincent: Given 'em a lot?
Jules: Shit yeah. I got my technique
down man, I don't tickle or nothin'.
Vincent: Have you ever given a guy
a foot message?
Jules: Fuck you.....Look, just because
I wouldn't give no man a foot message, don't make it right for Marsellus
to throw Antwan off a building into a glass motherfuckin' house,
fuckin' up the way the nigger talks. That shit ain't right
man. Motherfucker do that shit to me, he better paralyze my
ass, ' cause I'd kill the motherfucker, you know what I'm saying?
Vincent: I'm not sayin' he was
right, but you're sayin' a foot message don't mean nothin', and
I'm sayin' it does. I've given a million ladies a million
foot messages and they all meant somethin'. Now, we act like
they don't, but they do. That's what's so fuckin' cool about
'em. There's a sensual thing goin' on that nobody's talkin'
about, but you know it and she knows it, fuckin' Marsellus knew
it, and Antwan shoulda known fuckin' better. That's his fuckin'
wife, man. He ain't gonna have a sense of humor about that
shit. You know what I'm saying?
Jules: That's an interesting point,
but let's get into character.
It is extremely ironic that Vince and Jules
are having this moral dispute just as they are preparing to enter
an apartment and kill everybody inside it. Clearly, neither
one is in an ethical quandary about doing his job, a profoundly
immoral livelihood by mainstream standards, yet both are moral realists;
i.e. they both have very developed ideas about what is absolutely
right and wrong. Vince represents the motivist ethical perspective,
whereas Jules position is deontological. The motivist
claims that actions are right or wrong depending on the reasons
that motivate them, whereas the deontologist argues that the worth
of an action is determined by its conformity to a binding rule.
Jules, the deontologist, argues that laying hands on a woman's
foot and "sticking his tongue in the holiest of holies" are fundamentally
different actions, regardless of the fact that lust may motivate
either deed. He argues that Mia's foot is Mia's property,
whereas her vagina belongs to Marsellus. Sexual ownership
is sacrosanct; the vagina is " the holiest of holies." The
wife's reproductive organs are the husband's inviolable property
and his sacred ground. Vincent, the motivist, argues that
the same feelings of lust motivate "eating a bitch out" and giving
her a foot message in spite of the fact that neither party verbally
acknowledges this fact. As Terry Murray points out in her essay,
"Tarantino: Sadist or Sage," this idea harkens back to the gospels.
She writes:
Matthew's gospel presents Jesus as the instigator of a revolutionary
transition from Pharisaic Jewish codes of conduct to a new Jewish
ethic of interior transformation, which does not necessarily
translate into normative "rules" of behavior. This is most
explicit in the antitheses, where Jesus is reported to have said,
"You have heard 'You shall not commit adultery' but I say unto you
that every man who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed
adultery with her in his heart." (Matt. 5:27-28)
Vince represents the early Christian code
of purity whereas, once again, Jules' perspective is decidedly Jewish.
Both men have very developed ideas about what is absolutely right
and wrong. It is tempting to point out the inconsistencies
of their world view, given that they are preparing to commit a triple
homicide. The commandment "thou shalt not kill" is not something
that neither man takes very seriously. Nevertheless, from
their frame of reference, their actions are perfectly moral because
their morality is based on the sanctity of possession.
The three kids who have stolen Marsellus's case have violated Marsellus's
property. This violation is considered comparable
to rape, a theme that recurs several times in this film. The
following is from the apartment where Vince and Jules are preparing
to kill three young men.
Jules: Now describe what Marsellus
Wallace looks like.....
Brett: Well...he's black....
Jules: go on
Brett: and he's....he's bald.
Jules: Does he look like a bitch?
Brett: What?
Jules: Does- he-look-like- a- bitch?
Brett: No.
Jules: Then why did you try to fuck
him like a bitch?
Brett: I didn't.
Jules: Yes you did, Brett. You
tried to fuck him and Marsellus Wallace don't like to be fucked
by anyone except Missus Wallace. You ever read the Bible Brett?
Once again the subject of Marsellus Wallace's
property is brought to the fore. Brett and his friends clearly
made some attempt to deprive Marsellus of his property, a case whose
contents are never disclosed. This attempt to steal from Marsellus
is framed in the language of sex. To steal from Marsellus
is to fuck him, or more, precisely, to rape him- to invade that
sacred space- the holiest of holies. It is significant that
the actual contents of the case are never disclosed. The case
is opened on occasion: all that is visible is a golden light emitting
from it. We are told that the contents are beautiful, but
nothing else is said about them. This is because the actual
contents are irrelevant. Like the Holy Grail, its beauty is a fucntion
of who it belongs to, not of what it actually is. What is
beautiful is the act of possession, loyalty, and the respect that
Marsellus's men have for his property, which is the keystone of
gangster morality.
When Vince prepares to take Mia out at Marsellus' s request he is
profoundly aware of the fact that Mia belongs to Marsellus. He respects
this fact. Jules and English Dave predict that Vince will
be attracted to her, but to Vince this seems irrelevant:
Vincent: Look- I'm not an idiot.
She's the big man's fuckin' wife. I'm gonna sit across
the table, chew with my mouth closed, and laugh at her jokes and
that's all I'm gonna do.
On the date, after taking her back to her house,
he finds himself very attracted to Mia, so he gives himself a pep
talk in the bathroom
Vincent: It's a moral test of yourself,
whether or not you can maintain loyalty. Because when people are
loyal to each other, that's very meaningful....So you're gonna go
out there, drink your drink, say "Good night, I've had a very lovely
evening," go home and jack off. And that's all you're gonna
do.
Significantly, Vince sees himself in
a moral dilemma, not a practical one, in spite of the fact that
if he were to succumb to temptation, Marsellus would deal
with him without mercy. As it turns out, Vince's loyalty is never
tested because when he rejoins Mia, he finds her on the floor,
unconscious from an overdose of heroin. Nevertheless, from Vince's
perspective, private property is absolutely sacred. This point
is reiterated when Vince goes to Lance's house to purchase heroin
just before his date with Mia.
Lance: Still got your Malibu?
Vincent: You know what some fucker
did to it the other day?
Lance: What?
Vincent: Fuckin' keyed it.
Lance: Oh man, that's fucked
up.
Vincent: Tell me about it. I
had the goddamn thing in storage for three years. It's been
out five fuckin' days, five days, and some dickless piece of shit
fucks with it.
Lance: They should be fuckin'
killed. No trial, no jury, straight to execution.
Vincent: I just wish I
caught 'em doin' it, ya know? Oh man, I'd give anything to
catch 'em doin' it. It'd be worth him doin' it if I coulda
just caught 'em, you knwo what I mean?
Lance: What a fucker.
Vincent: It's chicken shit.
You don't fuck with another man's vehicle.
Lance: YOU JUST DON'T DO IT.
Vincent: It's just against the rules.
Of course if Vince had caught the offenders, it
goes without saying that he would have executed them on the spot.
From Vince's perspective, a violation against his car is no different
than a violation against his person; it is an offense that warrants
capital punishment. Once again this idea is framed in the
language of sex. "You just don't fuck with another man's vehicle."
In the same way, you just don't fuck another man's wife, for no
other reason than it's against the rules. This sort of thinking
is decidedly deontological. In spite of the fact that Vince
is a hit man, he views himself as an upholder of justice.
The Gold Watch
Chronologically, the majority of this episode occurs long before
and just after the rest of the film. In this episode, Vince
loses his life. The protagonist is Butch Coolidge, a boxer.
Marsellus has arranged to fix a fight between Butch and Floyd Willis
in which it is agreed that Butch's "ass goes down" in the fifth
round. Butch agrees to this, but as we find out, he does not
keep his word. At the fight, not only does Butch fail to go down
in the fifth, he accidentally kills his opponent. It is also
clear that Butch has set up his win with at least eight bookies
in order to make the greatest possible profit from the fight.
He is quite aware that by depriving Marsellus of his money, he has
begun a deadly war.
After the fight, Butch takes a taxi to a cheap hotel where
his girlfriend, Fabienne, is waiting for him with their luggage.
They plan to take a train to Tennessee and later retire in style
somewhere exotic. The significance of Butch's watch is central to
this episode. Butch discovers that Fabienne has forgotten
to pack the watch with the rest of his belongings and becomes quite
menacing toward her because it means so much to him. Fabienne,
unaware of the watch's significance, can only whimper and apologize.
Butch realizes that in order to regain the watch, he will have to
return to his apartment, where he is likely to find Marsellus' goons
waiting for him. He quickly decides that the watch is worth
the risk.
Just before the episode, the watch's significance is explained in
a dream sequence- flash back to 1972, where a young Butch accepts
the watch from Captain Koons. The Captain explains:
This watch I got here was first purchased by your great-grandaddy.
It was bought during the first world war in a little general store
in Knoxville, Tennessee. It was bought for Private Doughboy
Ernie Coolidge the day he set sail for Paris. It was your
great granddaddy's war watch, made by the first company ever to
make wrist watches. You see, up until then, people just carried
pocket watches. Your great-granddaddy wore that watch every
day he was in that war. Then when he had done his duty,
he went home to your great-grandmother, took the watch off his wrist
and put it in an old coffee can. And in that can it stayed
'til your grandfather Dane Coolidge was called upon by his country
to fight the Germans once again. This time they called it
World War II. Your great granddaddy gave it to your granddad
for good luck. Unfortunately, Dane's luck wasn't as good as
his old man's. Your granddad was a Marine and he was killed
with all the other Marines at the Battle of Wake Island. None
of the boys had any illusions about ever leavin' that island alive.
So three days before the Japanese took the island, your twenty-two
year old grandfather asked an Air Force transport named Winocki,
a man he had never met before in his life, to deliver to his infant
son, whom he had never seen in the flesh, his gold watch.
Three days later your grandfather was dead. But Winocki kept
his word. After the war was over he paid a visit to your grandmother,
delivering to your infant father his Dad's gold watch. This
watch. This watch was on your Daddy's wrist when he was shot
down over Hanoi. He was captured and put in a Vietnamese prison
camp. Now he knew if the gooks ever saw the watch, it'd be
confiscated. The way your Daddy looked at it, that watch was
your birthright. And he'd be damned if any slopeheads
were gonna put their greasy yella hands on his boy's birthright.
So he hid it in the one place he knew he could hide something, his
ass. For five long years he wore his watch up his ass.
When he died of dysentery, he gave me the watch. I hid this uncomfortable
piece of metal up my ass for two years. Then, after seven
years, I was sent home to my family. And now little man, I
give the watch to you.
Although this story is humorous, it is at the same
time deeply serious. For Butch, his father, his grandfather,
and his great-grandfather, the watch represents something very sacred.
At the same time it symbolizes the bond between father and son and
the sacrifice of the father for his son and country.
It is not a lucky charm, for half the owners of the watch died in
battle. It is clear from the fact that Butch is a double crosser
and a killer that he is not a very ethical human being by mainstream
standards. Nevertheless, the watch embodies Butch's
values of fatherhood and sacrifice, and as a result, it is
a sacred object for which he is quite literally prepared to die.
In the original screen play, Butch talks himself into going back
for the watch by positing that the situation between he and Marsellus
as another war.
This is my war. You see Butch, what you're forgettin' is this
watch isn't just a device that enables you to keep track of time.
This watch is a symbol. It's a symbol of how your father,
and his father, and his father before him distinguished themselves
in war. This is my World War Two. That apartment in
North Hollywood, that's my Wake Island. In fact, if you look
at it that way, it's almost kismet that Fabienne left it behind.
And using that perspective, going back for it isn't stupid.
It may be dangerous, but it isn't stupid. Because there
are certain things in this world worth going back for.
Butch is the quintessential warrior. He is
a fighter by trade, and thinks nothing of the fact that he killed
his opponent in the ring. When Esmeralda, the taxi driver,
asks what it feels like to kill a man, Butch replies: "I don't
feel the least bit bad." In the unedited screen play, he goes
on to say: "You wanna know why Esmeralda? 'Cause I'm a boxer.
And after you've said that, you've said pretty much all there is
to say about me." Like his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather
before him, Butch is a fighter and a warrior. He sees himself as
a member of what Barbara Ehrenreich calls, "the warrior elite,"
coming from a long line of warriors before him. In spite of the
fact that by mainstream standards he is little more than a double-crossing
thug, like most warriors Butch is not below making his war a holy
one. Barbara Ehrenreich writes in Blood Rites:
Yet warrior elites, for all their lapses into thuggery, have long
sought to make war into something sacred and worthy of general respect.
Encouraged, often by the religious authorities themselves, warrior
elites have borrowed all that they could from established religions,
ransacking them, as it were, for glorious rationales and colorful
fragments of ceremony. Even wars undertaken for no other purpose
than loot, or the initiation of a fresh cohort of warriors, achieve
a mystic status when fought in the name of the true cross, the Ark
of the Covenant, a relic of the Prophet, or the honor of the fatherland.
To the true member of the warrior elite, every war can be a holy
one.
Butch's war, too, is holy, although he undertook
it only to enrich himself. When he goes back for the
watch, he ceases to be a double-crossing thug, and becomes a noble
knight and a defender of sacred values. Butch transforms his apartment
into his personal Wake Island and thereby relives the glorious exploits
of his ancestors.
When Butch arrives at the apartment, he finds his watch along
with a subautomatic machine gun lying on the kitchen counter.
A toilet flushes and Vince walks out of the bathroom to meet his
doom. This time, he is not a witness to a miracle. Butch
is delighted by his luck. He eats a couple of pop tarts, gets
into his girlfriend's Honda, and runs into Marsellus Wallace.
He attempts to run Marsellus down, but only succeeds in disabling
his car and wounding his adversary. When Marsellus takes a
shot at him, Butch makes a run for it, diving into the Mason and
Dixon gun shop, the fateful place where Butch and Marsellus become
allies against a common foe. Before the civil war, the Mason
and Dixon line was seen as dividing the slave states from the free
states; upon crossing this symbolic line, Butch and Marsellus both
become slaves. Marsellus becomes the sex slave of the sadistic
brothers, Maynard and Zed. Throughout this film there are many references
to Marsellus getting "fucked" by his enemies, but the figurative
language used by Vince and Jules to describe Marsellus being deprived
of his rightful property becomes literal in this ultra-violent scene.
Butch is tied up and put under the watchful eye of "the gimp," a
man clad totally in leather with a zipper over his mouth, whom the
brothers keep tied up in their dungeon like a dog. Meanwhile,
Marsellus is being raped in the other room. Without too much
difficulty Butch escapes from his bondage and pummels his
captor. As Butch prepares to leave the scene, he finds himself unable
to abandon his enemy to such a foul fate. In a dramatic display
of heroism, he chooses a Samurai sword from the array of weapons
available at the Mason-Dixon, and prepares to rescue Marsellus from
his plight. It is remarkable that Butch, who moments ago was
ready to kill Marsellus, now comes to his aid in his hour of need.
For Butch, it is one thing to be killed in a war by a worthy opponent,
but quite another to be raped by hillbilly scum. Butch cannot
allow a fellow warrior, even an adversary, to die such a shameful
death. The choice of a Samurai sword is significant because
it symbolizes knighthood and chivalry, fighting for a noble and
worthy cause against a despicable and heinous enemy. Ehrenreich
writes:
Nothing more clearly illustrates the power of war as a culture-shaping
force than the eerie parallels between feudal Japan and feudal Europe....
If, through some magical transposition, a medieval knight and a
samurai had met on the same road, they would have recognized each
other as kin. Both wore helmets and armor, fought on horseback,
rallied to flags emblazoned with dynastic symbols or totems, invested
their swords with mystic powers, and subscribed to a special warrior
ethic- chivalry in Europe, bushido in Japan- which codified, for
its adherents, a kind of religion of war.
The notion of a "chivalrous thug" may sound contradictory,
but in fact, Butch, like the samurai and knights of the middle ages,
embodies these qualities, which identifies him as a member of the
warrior elite. Like all members of the warrior elite,
he has a willingness to help the weak and a tendency to invest objects
(like his watch) with qualities that they don't have (except in
his mind). Nevertheless, he lacks honor, which is why he and Marsellus
are at odds in the first place. His act of chivalry is rewarded
by Marsellus' subsequent forgiveness. Although Butch "loses
his L.A. privileges," he is "cool" with Marsellus. He is free
to leave town without fear of further retribution from Marsellus
and his henchmen.
If Butch represents a member of the warrior elite, Marsellus symbolizes
the landed aristocracy. There is no doubt that Marsellus is
king of his domain; Vincent and Jules are the knights in his service.
It is significant that the name "Vincent Vega" and "Winnfield" (Jules'
surname) mean the same thing. Vincent from the Italian "vincere"
means "to win," and Vega means "plain" or "field" in Spanish.
Both Vincent and Jules win the field for Marsellus. They are
his justice-dispensing knights.
This episode represents the values of honor and courage held
dear by members of the crime-world, who are often thought to be
bereft of such lofty ideals. Like Jules and Vincent,
Marsellus and Butch are moral realists with strong opinions about
what is absolutely right and wrong. There conflict is not
just about money, but about honor and loyalty. Butch understands
that he deserves what Marsellus has to dish out based on his disloyalty
to him. Likewise, Marsellus recognizes that Butch has
repaid his debt by his act of chivalry. The two criminals
share a common moral code. In the next episode, another aspect
of morality is explored, that of etiquette.
The Bonnie Situation
The "Bonnie Situation" is one of the most humorous in the film.
Chronologically, it occurs after the triple homicide in the apartment
and before Vince and Jules go out to breakfast in the epilogue.
After they leave the apartment with Jules' friend Marvin, who, for
reasons that are never disclosed has been spared (up to this
point), the three men get into a car. Jules and Vince discuss
the "miracle," and Vince turns to ask Marvin whether he thinks God
came down from heaven and stopped the bullets. Holding his
45 nonchalantly as he turns toward Marvin, it suddenly goes off,
hitting Marvin in the face and splattering blood everywhere.
Clearly God has not intervened on behalf of Marvin. At this
point Jules and Vince are faced with an immediate need to get their
car off the road. Jules calls his only friend in the area,
Jimmie, who agrees to give them a safe haven with the stipulation
that they be out of his house within an hour and a half, at which
time his wife, Bonnie, is expected to arrive. It is this time
constraint that creates "The Bonnie Situation."
The most striking feature of this episode is its insistence on etiquette.
Vince is particularly concerned about not being forced to "take
any shit," although he acknowledges his responsibility for the situation
in which he and Jules now find themselves. Jules, on the other
hand, is very worried about offending Jimmie and being forced to
take care of business without his friend's blessing. The following
is from a conversation between Jules and Vince as they clean up
in Jimmie's bathroom.
Jules: We gotta be real fuckin'
delicate with this Jimmie situation. He's one remark away
from kickin' our asses out the door.
Vincent: If he kicks us out,
whadda we do?
Jules: Well, we ain't leavin'
'til we made a coupla phone calls. But I never want it to
reach that pitch. Jimmie's my friend and you don't bust in
your friend's house and start tellin' 'im what's what.
Jules rises and dries his hands. Vincent takes his place at
the sink.
Vincent: Tell him not to be abusive.
He kinda freaked out back there when he saw Marvin.
Jules: Well, put yourself in
his position. It's eight o'clock in the morning. He
just woke up. He wasn't prepared for this shit. Don't
forget who's doin' who a favor.
Vincent finishes, then dries his hands on a white towel.
Vincent: If the price of that
favor is I gotta take shit, he can stick his favor straight up his
ass.
When Vincent is finished drying his hands, the towel is stained
red.
Jules: What the fuck did you do with
this towel?
Vincent: I was dryin' my hands.
Jules: You're supposed to wash
'em first.
Vincent: You watched me wash
'em.
Jules: I watched you get 'em
wet.
Vincent: I washed 'em.
Blood's real hard to get off. Maybe if he had some Lava, I
coulda done a better job.
Jules: I used the same soap you
did and when I dried my hands, the towel didn't look like a fuckin'
Maxie pad. Look, fuck it, alright. Who cares?
But it's shit like this that's gonna bring this situation to a boil.
If he were to come in here and see that towel like that...I'm tellin'
you Vincent, you best be cool. 'Cause if I gotta get into
it with Jimmie on account of you... Look, I ain't threatenin' you,
I respect you an' all, but just don't put me in that position.
Vincent: Jules, you ask me nice
like that, no problem. He's your friend, you handle him.
This passage beautifully illustrates the concerns over etiquette
of these two protagonists. Vince, unwilling to see things
from Jimmie's perspective, is very defensive about the possibility
of taking abuse. Throughout this episode he is obsessed with
being treated with respect. Jules understands Vince's need
to be treated respectfully, and reassures him that he is not threatening.
Nevertheless, he is very sensitive to Jimmie and does not want to
be put in a position where their friendship might be jeopardized.
Although there is little doubt that if push came to shove
he would "take care of business," his goal is to keep push and shove
as far apart as possible. Once again, we see that Jules, like
Vince, values friendship and loyalty over anything else, including
human life. This seems rather strange, given the fact
that neither Jules nor Vince think anything of committing a triple
homicide and accidentally shooting someone in the face. If
Bonnie were to come home, or if Jimmie were "to kick their asses
out the door," Jules and Vince could easily resolve the problem
by simply forcing their hosts to accept the situation. Nevertheless,
this is not a serious option for Jules, because it would violate
a sacred code of etiquette: "You don't just bust into your friend's
house and start tellin' 'im what's what." The possibility
of having to do this is clearly more disturbing to Jules than
the fact that Vince just accidentally murdered one of his friends.
The following is an excerpt from the phone conversation between
Jules and Marsellus.
Marsellus: Well, say she comes
home. Whaddya think she'll do?...
No fuckin' shit she'll freak. That ain't no kinda answer.
You know 'er, I don't. How bad, a lot or a little?
Jules: You got to appreciate
what an explosive element this Bonnie situation is. If she
comes home from a hard day's work and finds a bunch of gangsters
doin' a bunch of gangsta shit in her kitchen, ain't no tellin' what
she's apt to do.
Marsellus: I've grasped that
Jules. All I'm doin' is contemplatin' the ifs.
Jules: I don't want to hear about
no motherfuckin' ifs. What I want to hear from your ass is:
'You ain't got no problems Jules. I'm on the motherfucker.
Go back in there, chill them niggers out and wait for the cavalry,
which should be comin' directly.'
Marsellus: You ain't got no problems
Jules. I'm on the motherfucker. Go back in there, chill
them niggers out and wait for the Wolf, who should be comin' directly.
Jules: You sendin' the Wolf?
Marsellus: Feel better?
Jules: Shit negro, that's all
you had to say.
It is interesting that Jules demands the
"cavalry," a war term for troops mounted on horseback. Jules
sees himself as a prisoner of war in need of rescue. He is
utterly incapable of taking control of the situation himself because
he is so sensitive to the "Bonnie situation." At the same time he
is unwilling to delegate responsibility to Vince because he is so
insensitive. To solve this problem, Marsellus sends
his best man for the job, the Wolf. Wolf's name brings
to mind the old adage "a wolf in sheep's clothing," which in fact
describes Wolf's character very well. He is a smooth-talking,
fast-driving, and well-dressed man, who is as cold-blooded and ruthless
as any of Marsellus' henchmen. Jules has nothing but respect
for the Wolf, and is overcome with gratitude for being rescued by
him. Vince, on the other hand, is more worried about
being treated respectfully than getting out of Jimmie's house before
the Bonnie situation explodes.
Wolf: ....If a cop stops us and
starts stickin' his big snout in the car, the subterfuge won't last.
But at a glance, the car will appear to be normal. Jimmie-
lead the way, boys- get to work.
Vincent: A "please" would be
nice.
Wolf: Come again?
Vincent: I said a "please" would
be nice.
Wolf: Get it straight buster,
I'm not here to say please. I'm here to tell you what to do.
And if self preservation is an instinct you possess, you better
fuckin' do it and do it quick. I'm here to help. If
my help's not appreciated, lotsa luck gentlemen.
Jules: It ain't that way, Mr.
Wolf. Your help is definitely appreciated.
Vincent: I don't mean any disrespect.
I just don't like people barkin' orders at me.
Wolf: If I'm curt with you it's
because time is a factor. I think fast, I talk fast, and I
need you guys to act fast if you want to get out of this.
So pretty please, with sugar on top, clean the fuckin' car.
Ironically enough, this etiquette dispute takes
up more valuable time than a simple "please" would have. Wolf's
excuse for not saying please doesn't ring very true because, after
all, he has enough time to explain how fast he thinks and talks.
Clearly, the purpose of this speech is to establish his superior
rank. Vince's demand for a "please" is an attempt to put himself
on par with Wolf. Wolf is unwilling to give up his status,
which is understandable. After all, he is doing Vince a favor,
and Vince is responsible for the problem in the first place.
Jules, of course, is already submissive, but Vince must be persuaded
to give up his self-respect. In the end he is forced to settle
for Wolf's ironic "pretty please with sugar on top."
This episode highlights the importance of etiquette in gangster
life. Since Jules and Vince work together so closely,
it is vital that they show each other respect. If they did
not, the result could easily be fatal. In Tarantino's crime-world,
etiquette is just as important as loyalty, honor, and a willingness
to do what it takes to make money. All of the members of this family
recognize how important it is to treat each other with the utmost
decorum if the system is not to fall apart.
Conclusion
It is clear that the protagonists in this film are portrayed as
dealing with an array of moral and etiquette issues. In fact,
it could be argued that the film sacrifices a linear structure in
order to highlight the moral themes in each episode. What
is the purpose of describing the ethical beliefs and practices of
these fictional gangsters? This film promotes an understanding
of alternate ethical systems that incorporate violence into everyday
life. It is an aid to mainstream culture, which seems unwilling
or incapable of understanding deviant behavior. Pulp Fiction
puts aberrant moral structures and codes into a context that allows
people in the mainstream to identify and sympathize with the deviant
other. Nevertheless, this film does not necessarily promote
a relativist ethical philosophy, nor does it celebrate violence.
On the contrary, Jules' religious experience and his subsequent
renunciation of gangster life affirm the sanctity of human life
and the notion that killing is absolutely wrong. In this way, the
film takes a moral stand against violence. At the end of the
film, Jules has every opportunity (and from his perspective every
right) to murder Yolanda and Ringo (aka Pumpkin and Honeybunny).
Nevertheless, he resists the temptation to do so as a result of
his moral transformation.
Jules: Now this is the
situation. Normally both of your asses would be dead as fuckin'
fried chicken. But you happened to pull this shit while I'm
in a transitional period. I don't wanna kill ya, I want to
help ya.... You read the Bible?...There's a passage I got
memorized. Ezekiel 25:17. 'The path of the righteous man is
beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny
of evil men Blessed is he who, in the name of charity and
good will, shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness.
For he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children.
And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious
anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers.
And you will know I am the lord when I lay my vengeance upon you.'
I been sayin' that shit for years. And if you ever heard it,
it meant your ass. I never really questioned what it meant.
I thought it was just a cold-blooded thing to say to a motherfucker
'fore you popped a cap in his ass. But I saw some shit this
morning made me think twice. Now I'm thinkin', it could mean
you're the evil man. And I'm the righteous man. And
Mr. 45 here he's the shepherd protecting my righteous ass in the
valley of darkness. Or it could be that you're the righteous
man and I'm the shepherd and that it's the world that's evil and
selfish. I'd like that. But that shit ain't the truth.
The truth is you're weak. And I'm the tyranny of evil men.
But I'm tryin'. I'm tryin' real hard to be the shepherd.
Clearly, Jules believes that he has finally understood
the "true" meaning of the passage from Ezekiel. Although he
claims never to have given much thought to its meaning, he probably
always saw himself in the role of the righteous man carrying out
divine justice on those who have attempted to "poison and destroy"
his brothers. Before he saw his gun as "the shepherd"
protecting "his righteous ass," whereas now, he is the shepherd
protecting the weak. His religious and moral transformation
is represented by a reinterpretation of divine scripture and his
role in the world. Jules's metamorphosis is the keystone of
Pulp Fiction and explains why the prologue and the epilogue, which
are part of the same episode, had to be separated by the rest of
the film. The film does not make chronological progress:
it makes moral progress.
Butch's change of heart when he rescues Marsellus from the
rapists, echoes this spiritual transformation from the righteous
man delivering vengeance to the shepherd protecting the weak.
For this reason, he is allowed to escape on "Grace," the name of
Zed's chopper. Butch, like Jules, is touched by
the grace of God, which enables them both to make a moral transformation.
It is difficult to imagine two characters less deserving of grace
than Jules or Butch, yet such is the very nature of grace.
The theological definition of grace is "the unmerited love and favor
of God towards mankind or the divine influence acting in a person
to make that person morally strong or pure." (Webster's New World
Dictionary, third edition). The idea that divine grace transforms
the heart is very important in this film. It is the hope that Pulp
Fiction offers in the face of chaotic and seemingly nihilistic
violence.
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